This presentation will focus on emerging research suggesting that proficiency in phoneme awareness skills is essential for building a large and continuously expanding sight vocabulary. This session will address the phonological skills needed to remember and instantly identify written words. Most assume that phoneme skills are limited to K-1 and are assumed to be associated with phonic development. Yet decades of research on orthographic learning clearly shows that phoneme-level skills are foundational for remembering the words we read. The skills needed for word-level reading and discuss techniques that promote that skill will be highlighted.